NEW DELHI: “Strongly feeling” that misrepresentation of a product especially a food product should be taken very seriously considering the influence of celebrities and high net worth individuals or companies. A Parliamentary Committee has said stringent provisions may be made to tackle this as well as to fix liability on endorsers/celebrities.
In its report on the Consumer Protection Bill which was introduced in Parliament last year in August, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Consumer Affairs said the existing laws are not deterrent enough to discourage manufacturers or publishers from using such personalities for misleading advertisements.
The Committee recommended that for first time offence, the offender may be penalized with either a fine of Rs 10 lakh and imprisonment up to two years or both, for second time offence a fine of Rs 50 lakh and imprisonment for five years, and for subsequent offences, the penalties may be increased proportionately based on the value of sales volumes of such products or services.
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At the outset, the Committee noted that several eminent public personalities or celebrities who are honoured with National Awards such as Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan and Bharat Ratna etc. for excelling in various walks of life are often engaged as Brand Ambassadors for promoting various products.
Such personalities are deployed to make advertisements “that are often misleading by making unrealistic claims”. The consumers tend to believe such advertisements promoted by eminent personalities or celebrities blindly.
However when the unfair trade practices are exposed the celebrities are quick to disassociate themselves with the products/companies they were hitherto representing.
The Committee wanted the definitions relating to misleading, false and objectionable advertisements under the provision 2 (41) (f) to be clearly defined so as to avoid any ambiguity by evolving suitable code in this regard to be followed by the advertisers before releasing the advertisement in the print and electronic media.
It agreed with the proposal of the Department of Consumer Affairs that the words ‘electronic intermediary’ should have the same meaning as defined in Section 2 (i) (w) of The Information Technology Act 2000.
However, the Committee said the words “Endorsement” had not been included in the body of the Bill. In order to make the provisions of the Bill more inclusive, the Committee suggested that the Department should insert a clause to incorporate the word “Endorsement” in the definition of the Bill at the appropriate place. The word ‘Endorsement” should also be clearly and comprehensively defined so as to leave no room for any misinterpretation/ambiguity.
The Department of Consumer Affairs proposed that definition of advertisement may be modified to make it more comprehensive. They stated that the definition of advertisement be modified as under:-
2(1) “advertisement” means any oral or written audio or visual publicity, representation or pronouncement made by means of any light, sound, smoke, gas, print, electronic media, internet or website and includes any notice, circular, label, wrapper, invoice or other documents”
The Secretary in the Department informed the Committee that celebrities/VIPs supporting and advertising the products without knowing anything about it has been taken care to a certain extent. In the unfair trade practices this concept has been included by making it clear that misleading advertisement is also an unfair trade practice. The definition of unfair trade practice clearly sets out what constitute unfair trade practice, including misleading advertisement.
The Secretary stated that “when megastar Amitabh Bachchan endorses a product or Ms Hema Malini says ‘buy Kent RO’, rural people will feel that that RO must be very good because she is endorsing it. It is because the film stars or sportspersons nowadays have a certain level of credibility”.
The Committee noted that in its 26th Report, the Committee had envisioned a progressive instrument and urged the Department to strengthen the Act to enable effective interventions for consumer protection. The recurring theme in consumer protection has been the need to deploy effective measures to prevent unfair trade practices.
Consumer markets for goods and services have undergone profound transformation since the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act in 1986. The modern market place contains a plethora of increasingly complex products and services. The emergence of global supply chains, rise in international trade and the rapid development of e-commerce have led to new delivery systems for goods and services and have provided new opportunities for consumers. Equally, this has rendered the consumer vulnerable to new forms of unfair trade and unethical business practices.
Misleading advertisements, tele-marketing, multi-level marketing, direct selling and e-tailing pose new challenges to consumer protection and will require appropriate and swift executive interventions to prevent consumer detriment. There is a need for an executive institution, to make interventions when necessary, including through class action, to counter unfair trade practices. Simply put, there is need to modernise the Act to address the myriad and constantly emerging vulnerabilities of the consumer in the market economy extant.
